Standardized Procedure
Standardized calibration procedures remove systematic errors from radio frequency measurement equipment to ensure data integrity. Performing a vector network analyzer calibration involves measuring a set of known standards to establish a mathematical reference for the system. This process eliminates the influence of cables, connectors, and internal circuitry from the final results of the device under test.
Impedance Standard
Reference kits containing open, short, load, and through components provide the necessary data points for the correction algorithm. During vector network analyzer calibration, the software compares the measured response of these standards to their ideal theoretical models. Any deviations are recorded as error terms and are subsequently subtracted from all future measurements in real time.
This ensures that the measured s-parameters accurately reflect only the performance of the board or component being tested. Different types of calibration, such as SOLT or TRL, are chosen based on the frequency range and the type of interface being used.
Measurement Traceability
Precision in high frequency testing requires that the calibration be performed frequently and with high quality standards. A vector network analyzer calibration remains valid only as long as the physical setup remains unchanged. If a cable is moved or the temperature shifts, the system may need to be recalibrated to maintain its accuracy.
Traceability to national standards is maintained by using certified calibration kits that are periodically verified.
