Modelling Boundary Slip Velocity in High Frequency Laminates
Boundary slip velocity models replace empirical roughness factors with electron specularity parameters, predicting insertion loss and phase delay up to 110 GHz.
Modeling Phase Delay Instability from Thermal Dielectric Drift in PAM4 Substrate Stackups
Dynamic thermal gradients alter substrate permittivity, causing severe phase delay skew and PAM4 eye closure unless mitigated by ultra-flat glass and low-drift resins.
Substrate Copper Roughness Impacts on High Frequency Cavity Performance
Copper surface roughness increases high frequency cavity conductor attenuation by extending skin current path length and degrading unloaded quality factor.
Quasi-Optical Transmission Loss Extraction for High-Frequency Stackup Design
Quasi-optical extraction isolates intrinsic substrate loss from copper roughness, requiring explicit z-axis anisotropy conversion for accurate mmWave stackup design.